1.The term ‘Environment’ has been derived from the French word ……………………which means to encircle or surround
a) Environ
b) Oikos
c) geo
d) Aqua
2. The objective of environmental education is
a) Raise consciousness about environmental conditions
b) To teach environmentally appropriate behaviour
c) Create an environmental ethic
d) All the above
3. Which of the following conceptual spheres of the environment is having the least storage capacity for matter?
a) Atmosphere
b) Lithosphere
c) Hydrosphere
d) Biosphere
4. Which of the following components of the environment are effective transporters of matter?
a) Atmosphere and Lithosphere
b) Atmosphere and Hydrosphere
c) Hydrosphere and Lithosphere
d) Biosphere and Lithosphere
5. Biosphere is
a) The solid shell of inorganic materials on the surface of the earth
b) The thin shell of organic matter on the surface of the earth compromising of all the living things
c) The sphere which occupies the maximum volume of all the spheres
d) All the above
6. Atmosphere consists of 79 percent Nitrogen and 21 percent Oxygen by
a) Volume
b) Weight
c) Density
d) All the three
7. Which of the following is a biotic component of the ecosystem?
a) Fungi
b) Solar light
c) Temperature
d) Humidity
8. In an ecosystem, the flow of energy is
a) Bidirectional
b) Cyclic
c) Unidirectional
d) Multidirectional
9. Which pyramid is always upright
a) Energy
b) Biomass
c) Numbers
d) Food chain
10. In complex ecosystem the degree of species diversity is
a) poor
b) high
c) medium
d) none
11The organisms which directly feed on producers are called
a) Herbivores
b) Carnivores
c) Decomposers
d) Saprophytes
12. The sequence of eating and being eaten in an ecosystem is called
a) Food chain
b) Carbon cycle
C) Hydrological cycle
D) Anthroposystem
13. Which of the following statements is false?
a) Inorganic nutrients are recycled in an ecosystem
b) Energy flows through the ecosystem in the form of carbon-carbon bonds
c) Energy is recycled in an ecosystem
d) Respiration process release energy
15. The largest reservoir of nitrogen in our planet is
a) Oceans
b) Atmosphere
c) Biosphere
d) Fossil fuels
16. In aquatic ecosystems phyto planktons can be considered as a
a) consumer
b) producer
c) saprotrophic organisms
d) macroconsumer
17. The basic requirements of human beings are provide by
a) Industrialisation
b) Agriculture
c) Nature
d )Urbanisation
18. Environment is the life support system that includes
a) Air
b) Water
c) Land
d) All of the above
19. In an ecosystem biological cycling of materials is maintained by
a) Producer
b) Consumer
c) Decomposer
d) All of the above
20. Organisms which feed directly or indirectly on producers are called
a) Prey
b) Consumers
c) Decomposers
d) Detritus
21. The primary producers in a forest ecosystem are
a) Chlorophyll containing trees and plants
b) Herbivores
c ) Carnivores
d) Bacteria and other micro-organisms
22. Abiotic component includes
a) soil
b) temperature
c) water
d) All the above
23. Which of the following statements is true
a) Green plants are self nourishing
b) Producers depends on consumers
c) Biotic components includes all non-living components
d) Herbivores depend on carnivores
24. Primary consumer is
a) Herbivores
b) Carnivores
c) Macro consumers
d) Omnivores
25. A predator is
a) An animal that is fed upon
b) An animal that feeds upon another animal
c) Animal that feeds upon both plants and animals
d) A primary consumer
26. Access to food is mainly determined by
a) Household income
b) Food assistance programmes
C) Human resources
d) Society/community
27. The word ‘Environment’ is derived from
a) Greek
b) French
c) Spanish
d) English
28. Which among the following is a climatic factor?
a) pressure
b) humidity
c) temperature
d) all of the above
29. The major atmospheric gas layer in stratosphere is
a) Hydrogen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Ozone
d) Helium
30. Which atmospheric sphere is closest to the earth surface?
a)Troposphere
b) Stratosphere
c) Mesosphere
d)Exosphere
31.Which of the following is the terrestrial ecosystem?
a)forest
b) grassland
c) desert
d) all of the above
32. Ecological pyramids are studies of
a) pyramid numbers
b) pyramid of biomass
c) pyramid of energy
d) all of the above
33. World environment day is on
a) 5th may
b) 5th june
c) 18th july
d) 16th august
34. Factors responsible for balanced eco-system are
a) balance between predator and prey
b) balance between vegetation, herbivores and carnivores
c) balance between competing species and biotic fators
d) all of the above
35. Which of the following is absorbed by green plants from the atmosphere?
a) carbon dioxide
b) water
c) nutrients
d) all of the above
36. Habitat refers to
a) Physical conditions of the place where organisms live
b) Chemical conditions of the place where organisms live
c) Both a and b
d) None
37. Essential component of social security are
a) Meeting personal growth and development
b) Maintaining natural capital
c) Fairness and equity distribution of costs of resources
d) Community resilience
38. Socio-economic security in environmental aspects involves
a) Fairness and equity distribution costs for complete existing generation
b) Welfare of the present generation
c) Intra and inter generational equity of resources
d) All of the above
39. A food web consists of
a) a portion of food chain
b) an organisms position in a food chain
c) interlocking food chains
d) a set of similar consumers
40. Which of the following statements is true?
a) Man is not dependent on nature
b) Resources are unlimited, so one can use them as per one’s wish
c) Energy can be converted from one form to another, but some percentage of it is lost into the environment
d) Matter can be generated afresh. It need not be recycled or reused
41. Which of the following conditions must be fulfilled to ensure food security?
a) Food must be available
b) Each person must have access to it
c) Food utilized/consumed must fulfil nutritional requirements
d) All of the above
UNIT II
1.which of the following is not the environmental effect of industrialisation, in general?
a. solid waste
b. water pollution
c. air pollution
d. economic growth
2. Which of the following are major environmental issues involved in mining?
a. air pollution
b. water pollution
c. soil degradation
d. all of the above
3. Sustainable development means
a. meeting present needs without compromising on future needs
b. progress of human beings
c. balance between human needs and the ability of earth to provide the resources
d. all of the above
4. The most important remedy to avoid negative impact due to industrialisation is
a. industry should be closed
b. don’t allow new industrial units
c. industry should treat all the wastes generated by it before disposal
d. industries should be shifted far away from human habitats
5. Mining means
a. to conserve and preserve minerals
b. to check pollution due to mineral resources
c. to extract minerals and ores
d. none
6. E.I.A can be expanded as
a. Environmental and industrial act
b. Environment and impact activities
c. Environmental impact assessment
d. Environmental important activity
7. E.I.A is related to
a. Resource conservation
b. Efficient equipment/process
c. Waste minimization
d. all of the above
8.In order to protect health of the people living along the adjoining areas of roads, one should
a. Plant trees alongside of the roads
b. Not allow diesel driven vehicles
c. Shift them (people) to other places
d. None of the above
9. The pollution caused by transportation/vehicular activities depends on
a. Type of the vehicle’s engine
b. Age of the vehicle
c. Traffic congestion
d. All of the above
10. Sustainable development will not aim at
a. Social economic development which optimizes the economic and social benefits available in the present, without spoiling the likely potential for similar benefits in the future
b. Reasonable and equally distributed level of economic well being that can be perpetuated continually
c. Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations to meet their own needs
d. Maximising the present day benefits through increased resource consumption
11. Which of the following is a key element of EIA?
a. Scoping
b. Screening
c. Identifying and evaluating alternatives
d. All of the above
12. ‘Earth day’ is held every year on
a. June 5th
b. November 23rd
c. April 22nd
d. May 7th
13.Eutrophication is
a. an improved quality of water in lakes
b. a process in carbon cycle
c. the result to accumulation of plant nutrients in water bodies
d. a water purification technique
14. Major purpose of most of the Dams around world is
a. Power generation
b. Drinking water supply
c. Flood control
d. Irrigation
15. Which of the following is the most environmental friendly agricultural practice?
a. Using chemical fertilizers
b. Using insecticides
c. Organic farming
d. None of the above
16. The adverse effect of modern agriculture is
a. Water pollution
b. Soil degradation
c. Water logging
d. All of the above
17. Soil erosion removes surface soil which contains
a. Organic matter
b. Plant nutrients
c. Both a and b
d. none of the above
18. Water logging is a phenomenon in which
a. Crop patterns are rotated
b. Soil root zone becomes saturated due to over irrigation
c. Erosion of soil
d. None of the above
19. The impact of construction of dams
a. Submerged forest
b. Loss of wild life habitat
c. Damages down stream ecosystem
d. All of the above
20. Which of the following statements is false
a. Soil erosion effects the productivity
b. It takes 300 years for 1 inch of agricultural top soil to form
c. The amount of soil erosion depends on soil type, slope, drainage pattern and crop management practices
d. Soil erosion helps to retain water and nutrients in the root zone
21. Which of the following statements are true
a. Surface runoff do not carry pesticides into streams
b. Water percolating downwards through agriculture lands carries with it dissolved chemicals and contaminate ground water
c. Present agricultural practice does not contaminate water
d. None of the above
22. Farmers have a tendency to
a. Use optimum quantity of water
b. to over irrigate crops
c. To conserve water
d. All of the above
23. Organic farming is
a. Farming without using pesticides and chemical fertilizers
b. Enhances biodiversity
c. Promotes soil biological activity
d. All of the above
24. What would you do to prevent environmental damage
a. Plant trees
b. Halt deforestation
c. Control pollution
d. All of the above
25. Environmental impact assessment
a. is the study of feasibility of a project
b. is a study of bio-physical characteristics of the environment that may result from a human action
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
26. EIA study will help
a. Maximising the benefits without overloading the planets ecosystem
b. To estimate the future needs of the society
c. To smooth implementation of the project
d. To cope up with rapid growth of population
27. Ecosystem is disturbed by housing activity because
a. Large volume of raw materials like brick, stone, timber, cement, steel, plastic etc., are required to be produced
b. Housing is required to provide shelter to growing population
c. Majority of housing projects are concentrated in cities only
d. Standard of living is increased by modern houses
28. Environmental impact of mining
a. Brings order into social setup
b. Devastation of eco-system
c. Present mining activity is a sustainable development
d. Mining has no adverse effect on ecosystem as it is located in remote areas
29. Effect of modern agriculture on soil is due to
a. Erosion
b. Acidification
c. Salinization
d. All
30. Bio-remediation means the removal of contamination from
a. Soil
b. Wastewater
c. Groundwater
d. Both soil and ground water
UNIT III
1. Plants use ………..gas for photosynthesis
a. oxygen
b. methane
c. nitrogen
d. carbon dioxide
2. Deforestation means
a. preservation of forests
b. destruction of forests
c. monocrop cultivation
d. agriculture
3. What percentage of it’s geographical area of a country should be under forest cover
a. 23%
b. 43%
c. 13%
d.33%
4. About ………% of earth’s surface is covered by water
a. 53%
b. 19%
c. 71%
d. 90%
5. During photosynthesis, trees produce
a. oxygen
b. carbon dioxide
c. nitrogen
d. carbon dioxide
6. Forest prevent soil erosion by binding soil particles in their
a. stems
b. roots
c. leaves
d. buds
7. Major causes of deforestation are
a. shifting cultivation
b. Fuel requirements
c. Raw materials for industries
d. All of these
8. Blue baby syndrome (methaemoglobinemia) is caused by the contamination of water due to
a. Phosphates
b. Sulphur
c. Arsenic
d. Nitrates
9. Which of the following statements about forests is not correct?
a. Forest reduces soil erosion
b. Provides recreational opportunities
c. Provides a source of economic development
d. None of the above
10. India has largest share of which of the following
a. manganese
b. mica
c. copper
d. diamond
11. Out of the following nutrients in fertilizer, which one cause minimum water pollution?
a. nitrogen
b. phosphorous
c. potassium
d. organic matter
12. What is the permissible range of pH for drinking water as per Indian standards
a. 6 to9
b. 6.5 to 7.5
c. 6 to 8.5
d. 6.5 to 8.5
13. What is the maximum allowable concentration of fluorides in drinking water?
a. 1.0 milligram per litre
b.1.25 milligram per litre
c. 1.50 milligram per litre
d. 1.75 milligram per litre
14. Excess fluorides in drinking water is likely to cause
a. Blue babies
b. Fluorosis
c. taste and colour
d. intestinal irritation
15. Which of the following is a non point source of water pollution
Factories
Sewage treatment plants
Urban and suburban lands
All of the above
16. The movement of carbon between __________ is called carbon cycle
a. Atmosphere & biosphere
b. Atmosphere & hydrosphere
c. Geo-sphere & Atmosphere
d. Biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere & geo-sphere
17. The depletion of trees is causing accumulation of
a. Nitrogen dioxide
b. Sulphur dioxide
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Oxygen
18. Earth’s atmosphere contains ___________ % of oxygen
a.98%
b.12%
c .21%
d.78%
19. Plants can take up nitrogen in two forms
a. Ammonium and ammonia
b. Ammonia and nitrogen
c. Nitrate
d. Nitrogen
20. Conversion of ammonium to nitrate by chemical oxidation is termed as
a. Mineralisation
b. Leaching
c. Nitrification
d. De-nitrification
21. Nitrogen fixing bacteria exists in __________ of plants
a. leaf
b. roots
c. stem
d. flower
22. Sulphur occurs in soil and rocks in the form of ______
a. oxides of Zn and Fe
b. Sulphates of Zn and Fe
c. Nitrates of Zn and Fe
d. Sulphides of Zn and Fe
23. Livestock waste release large amount of _____ into the environment
a. Ammonium
b. Ammonia
c. Nitrate
d. NO4
24. Conversion of nitrates into gases of nitrogen is called ________
a. nitrification
b. nitrogen fixing
c. reduction
d. de-nitrification
25. Forest rich area in Karnataka is found in
a. Western ghats
b. Bandipur
c. Nagarhole
d.Mangalore
26. _________ are referred to as earth’s lungs
a. Forests
b. Carbon cycles
c. Water sources
d. Mines
27. Among the fresh water available
in the earth, the percentage of surface water is about
50%
10%
5%
Less than 1%
28. Important factor that causes water born disease is
a. Using contaminated sewage for irrigation
b. leaching of untreated faecal and urinary discharges into water bodies
c. discharge of industrial waste water
d. by eating contaminated food
29. Cholera and Typhoid are caused by
a. Worms
b. Virus
c. Bacteria
d. Fungus
30. Major source of fluoride is
river water
toothpaste
bacteria
fungus
31. Hepatitis is caused by
a. protozoa
b. virus
c. bacteria
d. fungus
32. Excessive nitrate in drinking water causes
a. Fever
b. Cough and cold
c. Blue babies
d. Gastro-Enteritis
33. Mineral resources are
a. renewable
b. available in plenty
c. non-renewable
d. equally distributed
34. Control of water borne diseases can be achieved effectively by
a. Treatment of diseases
b. By consuming mineral water
c. By proper treatment of waste water & protecting the source
of water
d. By vaccination
35. Which of the following is not a natural mineral?
a. Asbestos
b. Feldspar
c. Phosphate
d. Nitrogen
36. Forests are extremely important because they
a. Provide clean water and clean air
b. Provide habitat for wildlife
c. Provide recreation and a change from hectic urban life
d. All of the above
37. Deforestation means
a. Conversion of forest land for agricultural/pasture/homes etc..,
b. Creation of new forest land for the wild life
c. Planting trees in the cities
d. Not managing the forest properly
38. The oceans are the largest storage of water on earth containing:
a. 95% of earth’s water
b. 85% of earth’s water
c. 97% of earth’s water
d. 75% of earth’s water
39. Which of the following is not a part of the hydrological cycle
a. Precipitation
b. Infiltration
c. Transpiration
d. Perspiration
40. The ground water depends on
a. Amount of rain fall
b. Geological formations
c. Run off
d. All of the above
41. In India ground water is rich in
a. plains of river Kaveri and Krishna
b. the plains of Netravati and Kapila
c. the gangetic plains
d. the deccan plateau
42. The required iron content in water as specified by BIS is
a. 330 mg/l
b. 30 mg/l
c. 3 mg/l
d. 0.3 mg/l
43. pick out which is not concerned to carbon cycle
a. Respiration
b. Combustion of fossil fuels
c. Photo-synthesis
d. Transpiration
44. Fixation of nitrogen is done by
a. lightening
b. fixing bacteria
c. fertilizer factory
d. All of the above
45. Sulphur dioxide is used in
a. Paper manufacture
b. Textile manufacture
c. Processing of fossil fuels
d. Both (a) and (b)
UNIT IV
1. Which of the following is considered as an alternate fuel ?
a. CNG
b. Kerosene
c. Coal
d. Petrol
2. Solar radiation consists of
a. UV
b. Visible light
c. Infrared
d. All of these
Reduction in usage of fuels cannot be brought by:
using alternate fuels
changing lifestyles
reducing car taxes
both (a) and (b)
Which of the following is a hazard of a nuclear power plant
Accident risk when tankers containing fuel cause spill
Radioactive waste of the power plant remains highly toxic for centuries
Release of toxic gases during processing
All of these
The most important fuel used by nuclear power plant is
U-248
U-235
U-238
U-236
Biogas is produced by
Microbial activity
Harvesting crop
Both (a) and (b)
None of the above
Oil and gas are preferred because
Strong smell
Cheap
Easy transportation
All of these
Biomass power generation uses
Crops
Animal dung
Wood
All of these
Chernobyl nuclear disaster occurred in the year
1984
1952
1986
1987
Which of the following is not a renewable source of energy?
Fossil fuels
Solar energy
Tidal wave energy
Wind energy
Which of the following is a disadvantage of most of the renewable energy resources
highly polluting
high waste disposable cost
unreliable supply
high running cost
‘OTEC’ is an energy technology that converts
energy in large tides of ocean to generate electricity
energy in ocean waves to generate electricity
energy in ocean due to thermal gradient to generate electricity
energy in the fast moving ocean currents to generate electricity
Which of the following source of energy is less eco-friendly?
Bio-gas
Wind
Solar
Nuclear
India’s position in the Bio-gas plants globally
5th
2nd
4th
7th
Solar energy is stored in
carbon-carbon bonds
green leaves
fossil fuels
biomass
Which resources are in-exhaustible?
renewable
fossil fuel
non-renewable
mineral
Identify the non-renewable source of energy from the following
Coal
Fuel cells
Wind power
Wave power
Electromagnetic radiation can cause
Plague
Malaria
Cancer
Dengue fever
Harnessing the wind energy is done by
Wind mill
Ball mill
Flour mill
Pig mill
Wind farms are located in
River basin
Plain area
Hilly area
Valley areas
Wind energy generation depends on
Direction of wind
Velocity of wind
Humidity
Valley areas
With a minimum resource maximum energy can be created by
Solar radiation
Nuclear fuels
Wind
Tidal waves
Direct conversion of solar energy is attained by
Solar photo voltaic system
Solar diesel hybrid system
Solar thermal system
Solar air heater
in hydropower plants power is generated by
Hot springs
Wind
Sun
Water
Hydrogen energy can be tapped through
Heat pumps
Fuel cells
Photo-voltaic cells
Gasifiers
Problems of hydrogen fuel are
Storage and distribution
Availability of hydrogen
Creates pollution
None of the above
Nuclear power is being produced from
Carbon-14
Nuclear fission
Petroleum combustion
Natural gas
Nuclear fusion uses the following as a fuel
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Which is the source of energy that can be replaced at the same rate at which it is used?
Coal
Petroleum
Oil
Biomass
Biomass consists of
Lignin
Hemi-cellulose
Cellulose
All of the above
Which of the following is used as moderator in nuclear fuel
Graphite
Helium gas
Heavy water
All of the above
Nuclear waste is active for
5 years
10 years
50 years
Centuries
Nuclear power plant in Karnataka is located at
Bhadravathi
Sandur
Raichur
Kaiga
Biomass energy in green plants is produced in presence of
Carbon dioxide
Water
Sunlight
All of the above
Fossil fuels are converted into energy by
Burning
Cooling
Sublimation
Melting
Natural gas contains
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Methane
Nitrogen
In which place in India the tidal energy has been experimented
Goa
Karnataka
Kerala
Andhra Pradesh
Highest producer of oil and petroleum is
Middle east countries
America
China
India
Cow dung can be used
as manure
for production of biogas
as fuel
all of the above
The source of electromagnetic radiation is
Sun
Moon
Water
Stars
Biogas is gaseous fuel composed mainly of
Methane and carbon dioxide
Methane and hydrogen sulphide
Methane and carbon monoxide
Molasses from sugar industry is used to generate
Bio-diesel
Hydrogen
Bio-ethanol
Bio-methanol
UNIT V
Environmental pollution is due to
rapid urbanisation
deforestation
a forestation
a & b
Which of the following is air pollutant
CO
O2
N2
All
Which of the following are natural sources of air pollution
Volcanic eruption
Solar flair
Earth quake
All
Which of the following are biodegradable pollutants
Plastics
Domestic sewage
Detergent
All
Mining practices lead to
Population growth
Rapid urbanisation
Loss of fertile grazing land
None of these
Which of the following is source of fly ash
Vehicular exhaust
Sewage
Thermal power plant
All
The liquid waste from bath and kitchens is called
Sullage
Domestic sewage
Storm waste
Run off
Noise pollution can be minimised by
Urbanisation
Maintaining silence
Reducing noise at source
None
BOD means
Biochemical oxygen demand
Chemical oxygen demand
Biophysical oxygen demand
All
Which of the following industry generates coloured waste?
Software industry
Textile industry
Bio-medical industry
None
Physical pollution of water is due to
Dissolved oxygen
Turbidity
pH
None of these
Which of the following source is surface water?
Springs
Streams
Deep wells
All
Deforestation can
Increase the rain fall
Increase soil fertility
Introduce silt in the rivers
None of these
Which of the following non-point source of water pollution?
Factories
Sewage treatment plants
Urban and sub-urban lands
All of the above
Sound beyond which of the following level can be regarded as pollutant
40dB
80dB
120dB
150dB
Which of the following is a major source of thermal pollution of water bodies
Sewage treatment plants
Thermal power plants
Solid water disposal
All
Smog is
A natural phenomenon
Combination of smoke and fog
Colourless
All of the above
Air pollution from automobiles can be controlled by fitting
Electrostatic precipitator
Wet scrubber
Catalytic converter
All of the above
Which of the following statements about carbon monoxide is true?
Forms complex with haemoglobin
Forms complex with leg-haemoglobin
Formed by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels
Both a & c
Definition of noise is
Loud sound
Unwanted sound
Constant sound
Sound of high frequency
Noise pollution is controlled by
Reducing the noise at the source
Preventing it’s transmission
Protecting the receiver
All
Noise pollution limit at residential areas
45 dB
80 dB
55 dB
90 dB
Noise pollution limits in industrial areas
45 dB
80 dB
65 dB
90 dB
Which of the following is non-biodegradable?
Plastics
Domestic sewage
Detergent
a & c
Which of the following is a secondary air pollutant
CO
SO2
Ozone
CO2
Pesticides causes
Eye irritation
Skin irritation
Respiratory ailments
All of the above
Blarring sounds known to cause
Mental distress
High cholesterol
Neurological problems
All of the above
Which of the following is major cause of soil pollution?
Accident involving vehicles that are transporting
Pesticides and chemical fertilizers
Improper solid waste disposal
All of the above
“Minimata disease” is caused due to
Lead
Arsenic
Mercury
Cadmium
UNIT VI
The major automobile pollutants include
CO, NOx, Hydrocarbons and SPM
CO, NOx, Hydrocarbons and CH4
CO, NOx, Hydrocarbons and SPM
CO, NOx, Freon and SPM
Petroleum based vehicles emit traces of
CO & NOx
SPM
Aldehydes
CH4
3. Heavy duty diesel vehicles contribute more
a. NOx
b. particulate matter
c. CO
d. Both a and b
Major pollutants from light petrol vehicles are
CO and hydrocarbons
CO and NOx
c. CH4 and CO2
d. all the above
The 4-stroke engines produce less of the following as compared
to 2-stroke engines
CO and hydrocarbons
NOx and SO2
Both a and b
None of the above
6. Alternative eco-friendly fuel for automobile is:
a. Petrol
b. diesel
c. CNG
d. Kerosene
7. Increase in asthma attacks has been linked to high levels of :
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Air-borne dust particles
All of the above
8. Population explosion will cause
a. Bio-diversity
b. Stress on ecosystem
c. more employment
d. none of these
9. Which of the following is having high population density
a. India
b. China
c. USA
d. Western Europe
10. Which of the following is not the effect of urbanisation
a. Air pollution
b. Thermal pollution
c. Solid waste production
d. Noise pollution
11. Which of the following is the facility that the urban people enjoy?
a. Better communication access
b. better quality of air
c. large land at cheap rates
d. none of these
12. Urbanisation is
a. Local environment issue
b. National environment issue
c. Both a and b
d. not at all an issue
13. Which of the following is an ill effect of urbanisation?
a. Decrease in area of agricultural land
b. Loss of greenery
c. Loss of water bodies
d. All of the above
14. The major cause of global population growth in 18th and 19th centuries
was
Decrease in death rates
Decrease in birth rates
Industrial revolution
None of these
15. The world population in 2000 was around
a. 8 billion
b. 6.1 billion
c. 7.1 billion
d. 5 billion
16. The average life expectancy around the world is currently
a. Decreasing
b. Increasing
c. Not changing
d. Stabilizing
17. Which of the following is a problem not associated with population growth?
a. Increased resource consumption
b. Environmental pollution
c. Food and energy shortages
d. none of these
18. The major objectives of family welfare programs in India
Is
Disease control
Population growth rate control
Employment generation none of these
None of these
19. Population ageing is
a. The increase in the average age of the population
b. The result of decreased death and birth rates
c. The trend where more people live to reach old age while fewer children are born
d. all of the above
20. Which of the following is not a population characteristic
a. Doubling time
b. Total fertility rate
c. Gross domestic product growth rate
d. Infant mortality rate
21. Demography is the study of
a. Animal behaviour
b. Population growth
c. River
d. None of these
22. Which of the following is not a solution for global warming
a. Reducing fossil fuel consumption
b. Planting more trees
c. De-forestation
d. None of the above
23. The meaning of global warming is
a. Increase in the temperature of climate
b. A planet hotter than earth
c. Solar radiation
d. Cooling effects
24. Global warming may bring about the following changes
In the climate of the earth
Increase in the rain fall
Desertification
Drought
All of the above
25. Which green house gas is known as colourless, non-flammable, sweetish odour and laughing gas?
a. Methane
b. CO2
c. Nitrous Oxide
d. Sulphur hexa fluoride
26. The first major environmental protection act to be promulgated in India was
a. Water act
b. Air act
c. Environmental act
d. Noise pollution act
27. Which of the following substantially reduces CO2 emission from automobiles?
a. Bio fuels like ethanol and bio diesel
b. fossil fuels like coal and lignite
c. Nuclear elements like uranium
d. Voltaic cells
28. The international protocol to protect the ozone layer is
a. Vienna protocol
b. Kyoto protocol
c. Cartagena protocol
d. Montreal protocol
The protocol that reduces
Kyoto protocol
Cartagena protocol
Montreal protocol
Vienna protocol
population explosion will cause
socio economic problems
food scarcity
energy crisis
all of these
Which of the following is not a green house gas
Hydro chlorofluorocarbons
Methane
CO2
SO2
Global warming could affect
climate
increase in sea levels
melting of glaciers
all of the above
Primary cause of acid rain around the world is due to
Carbon dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Ozone
Which of the following is not a solution for global warming?
Reducing fossil fuel consumption
Planting more trees
Deforestation
None of the above
Which of the following is an air pollutant
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Particulate matter
UNIT VII
The pH value of acid rain water is
5.7
7.0
8.5
6.0
Which of the following is the remedial measure for acid rain?
reducing the release of oxides of nitrogen and sulphur into the atmosphere
use of coal, free from sulphur
use of electro-static precipitator and catalytic converters
all of the above
The primary cause of acid rain around the world is
CFC
SO2
CO
O3
Acid rain can be controlled by
Reducing SO2 and NO2 emissions
Increasing number of lakes
Increasing the forest cover
Reducing oxygen emission
Atmospheric oxidation of SO2 and SO3 is influenced
By
sunlight
humidity
presence of hydrocarbons
all of the above
Reduction in brightness of the famous Taj mahal is due to
Global warming
Air pollution
Ozone depletion
Afforestation
The effect of acid rain is
reduces soil fertility
increases atmospheric temperature
causing respiratory problems
skin cancer
The process of movement of nutrients from the soil by the acid rain is called
Transpiration
Evaporation
Leaching
Infiltration
Ozone layer is present on
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Which of the following statements about Ozone is true
Ozone is a major constituent of photochemical smog
Ozone protects us from the harmful uv radiation of sun
Ozone is highly reactive
All of the above
Major compound responsible for the destruction of stratospheric ozone layer is
Oxygen
CFC
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Normal average thickness of stratospheric ozone layer across the globe is around
200 DU
300 DU
400 DU
500 DU
Ozone layer thickness is measured in
PPM
PPB
Decibels
Dobson units
Chloro fluoro carbons(CFC) are
non-toxic
non-flammable
non-carcinogenic
all of the above
Ozone layer absorbs
UV rays
Infra red rays
Cosmic rays
CO
Which of the following is not an ill effect of acid rain
results in killing fish
causes stone leprosy
leaches nutrients from the soil
cause cataract
Formation of ozone layer is explained by
Rosenmund reaction
Handerson’s reaction
Chapman’s reaction
Perkin’s reaction
Each chlorine radical can destroy the following number of ozone molecules
1000
10,000
1,00,000
100
Freons are
HFC
CFC
NFC
Hydrocarbons
Which of the following statements about ozone is true?
Ozone is a major constituent of photochemical smog
Ozone is highly reactive
Ozone protects us from harmful UV radiations of sun
All of the above
Ozone depletion causes
Snow blindness
Photo-chemical smog
Acid rain
Vomiting
Which of the following statements is not true about animal husbandry?
it is a part of agricultural activity
it is livestock production
it is breeding, feeding and management of animals
it is protection of wild life
Which of the following is the purpose of animal husbandry?
conservation of animal husbandry
production of meat
conservation of wild life
conservation of forests
Domestic animals are used for
a. dairy products
b. production of fibre
c. production of meat
d. all of these
Acid rain has been increasing day by day due to
Urbanisation
Industrialisation
Increase in vehicle population
None of the above
Ozone hole was first discovered over
Arctic
Antarctica
Tropical region
Africa
CFCs have been used as
solvent
refrigerants
blowing agents for polymer forms
all of these
World ozone day is being celebrated on
May 7th
July 14th
September 16th
September 11th
Bhopal gas tragedy caused due to leakage of
Methyl Iso Cyanate(MIC)
Sulphur dioxide
Mustard gas
Methane
Animal husbandry results in
Global warming
Acid rain
Ozone depletion
None of these
UNIT VIII
Environmental (protection) Act was enacted in the year
1986
1989
1994
1998
The Air(prevention and control of pollution) Act was enacted in the year
1981
1974
1994
2004
The water(prevention & control of pollution) Act was enacted in the year
1986
1974
1994
2004
The wild life protection was enacted in the year
1986
1974
1994
1972
The Forest (conservation) Act was enacted in the year
1986
1974
1980
1972
The first of the major environmental protection act to be promulgated in India was:
The wild life protection act
The air act
The noise pollution act
None of the above
The central pollution control board was established under the provision of:
a. Environmental protection act 1986
b. Air (prevention and control) act 1981
c. Water(prevention and control of pollution)act 1974
d. none of the above
The Karnataka state pollution control board(KSPCB) was established in the year
1974
1982
1986
1976
Environmental protection is the responsibility of
Govt. of India
NGOs
Individual
All
‘Earth day’ is observed on:
1st December
5th June
April 22nd
1st January
Which of the following is NGO:
Narmada Bachao Andolan
CPCB
KSPCB
None
Which of the following is empowered to take measure to protect & improve environment as per the Environment protection act
Central Govt.
State government
Corporation
None
Which of the following is the authority to monitor industrial effluents?
Centre for science and environment
State pollution control board
Indian environmental association
None
The leader of the chipko movement is:
Sunderlal Bahuguna
Medha Patkar
Vandana Shiva
Suresh Heblikar
The environmental(protection)act 1986 deals with:
Water
Air
Soil
All
The objectives of the wild life protection act 1972 is:
To preserve the wild life bio-diversity
To maintain essential ecological and life supporting systems
Protection & conservation of wild life
All
The tiger conservation project was started in:
1973
1984
1999
2004
The goal of National parks & wild life sanctuaries is:
To promote international trading of animals and their products
To evacuate tribal people from forest
Conservation of wild life
None of the above
Environmental education is targeted to:
General public
Professional social groups
Technicians & scientists
All
Which of the following animals is endangered species of India?
Black buck
Elephant
Fox
Giraffe
Which state is having highest women literacy in India?
Karnataka
Punjab
Rajasthan
Kerala
An international conference on environmental education was held in December 1982 at:
Kyoto
Vienna
New-Delhi
London
Environmental protection is the fundamental duties of the citizen of India under the article:
51-A(g)
48-A
47
21
The objective of integrated child development services(ICDS) are:
Immunisation
Health check up & referral services
Pre-school and non formal education
All of the above
ISO-14000 standards deal with:
pollution management
risk management
environmental management
none of the above
World summit on sustainable development was held at
Johannesburg in 2002
Rio de
janeiro in 1992
Kyoto in 1994
Stockholm in 2000
An important NGO involved in global environmental protection is
UNICEF
Green peace
WHO
CPCB
The first international earth summit was held at
Johannesburg
Rio de janeiro
Kyoto
Stockholm
Silent valley movement succeeded
Waste management in sea coast
Cancelling the state government hydel project and saving the Lion Tailed Monkeys
Promoting marine fishery business in Kerala
None of the above
The committee which submitted it’s report to Government of India on environmental education is
Tiwari committee b. Mehta committee
Banerjee committee d. Agarwal committee
a) Environ
b) Oikos
c) geo
d) Aqua
2. The objective of environmental education is
a) Raise consciousness about environmental conditions
b) To teach environmentally appropriate behaviour
c) Create an environmental ethic
d) All the above
3. Which of the following conceptual spheres of the environment is having the least storage capacity for matter?
a) Atmosphere
b) Lithosphere
c) Hydrosphere
d) Biosphere
4. Which of the following components of the environment are effective transporters of matter?
a) Atmosphere and Lithosphere
b) Atmosphere and Hydrosphere
c) Hydrosphere and Lithosphere
d) Biosphere and Lithosphere
5. Biosphere is
a) The solid shell of inorganic materials on the surface of the earth
b) The thin shell of organic matter on the surface of the earth compromising of all the living things
c) The sphere which occupies the maximum volume of all the spheres
d) All the above
6. Atmosphere consists of 79 percent Nitrogen and 21 percent Oxygen by
a) Volume
b) Weight
c) Density
d) All the three
7. Which of the following is a biotic component of the ecosystem?
a) Fungi
b) Solar light
c) Temperature
d) Humidity
8. In an ecosystem, the flow of energy is
a) Bidirectional
b) Cyclic
c) Unidirectional
d) Multidirectional
9. Which pyramid is always upright
a) Energy
b) Biomass
c) Numbers
d) Food chain
10. In complex ecosystem the degree of species diversity is
a) poor
b) high
c) medium
d) none
11The organisms which directly feed on producers are called
a) Herbivores
b) Carnivores
c) Decomposers
d) Saprophytes
12. The sequence of eating and being eaten in an ecosystem is called
a) Food chain
b) Carbon cycle
C) Hydrological cycle
D) Anthroposystem
13. Which of the following statements is false?
a) Inorganic nutrients are recycled in an ecosystem
b) Energy flows through the ecosystem in the form of carbon-carbon bonds
c) Energy is recycled in an ecosystem
d) Respiration process release energy
15. The largest reservoir of nitrogen in our planet is
a) Oceans
b) Atmosphere
c) Biosphere
d) Fossil fuels
16. In aquatic ecosystems phyto planktons can be considered as a
a) consumer
b) producer
c) saprotrophic organisms
d) macroconsumer
17. The basic requirements of human beings are provide by
a) Industrialisation
b) Agriculture
c) Nature
d )Urbanisation
18. Environment is the life support system that includes
a) Air
b) Water
c) Land
d) All of the above
19. In an ecosystem biological cycling of materials is maintained by
a) Producer
b) Consumer
c) Decomposer
d) All of the above
20. Organisms which feed directly or indirectly on producers are called
a) Prey
b) Consumers
c) Decomposers
d) Detritus
21. The primary producers in a forest ecosystem are
a) Chlorophyll containing trees and plants
b) Herbivores
c ) Carnivores
d) Bacteria and other micro-organisms
22. Abiotic component includes
a) soil
b) temperature
c) water
d) All the above
23. Which of the following statements is true
a) Green plants are self nourishing
b) Producers depends on consumers
c) Biotic components includes all non-living components
d) Herbivores depend on carnivores
24. Primary consumer is
a) Herbivores
b) Carnivores
c) Macro consumers
d) Omnivores
25. A predator is
a) An animal that is fed upon
b) An animal that feeds upon another animal
c) Animal that feeds upon both plants and animals
d) A primary consumer
26. Access to food is mainly determined by
a) Household income
b) Food assistance programmes
C) Human resources
d) Society/community
27. The word ‘Environment’ is derived from
a) Greek
b) French
c) Spanish
d) English
28. Which among the following is a climatic factor?
a) pressure
b) humidity
c) temperature
d) all of the above
29. The major atmospheric gas layer in stratosphere is
a) Hydrogen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Ozone
d) Helium
30. Which atmospheric sphere is closest to the earth surface?
a)Troposphere
b) Stratosphere
c) Mesosphere
d)Exosphere
31.Which of the following is the terrestrial ecosystem?
a)forest
b) grassland
c) desert
d) all of the above
32. Ecological pyramids are studies of
a) pyramid numbers
b) pyramid of biomass
c) pyramid of energy
d) all of the above
33. World environment day is on
a) 5th may
b) 5th june
c) 18th july
d) 16th august
34. Factors responsible for balanced eco-system are
a) balance between predator and prey
b) balance between vegetation, herbivores and carnivores
c) balance between competing species and biotic fators
d) all of the above
35. Which of the following is absorbed by green plants from the atmosphere?
a) carbon dioxide
b) water
c) nutrients
d) all of the above
36. Habitat refers to
a) Physical conditions of the place where organisms live
b) Chemical conditions of the place where organisms live
c) Both a and b
d) None
37. Essential component of social security are
a) Meeting personal growth and development
b) Maintaining natural capital
c) Fairness and equity distribution of costs of resources
d) Community resilience
38. Socio-economic security in environmental aspects involves
a) Fairness and equity distribution costs for complete existing generation
b) Welfare of the present generation
c) Intra and inter generational equity of resources
d) All of the above
39. A food web consists of
a) a portion of food chain
b) an organisms position in a food chain
c) interlocking food chains
d) a set of similar consumers
40. Which of the following statements is true?
a) Man is not dependent on nature
b) Resources are unlimited, so one can use them as per one’s wish
c) Energy can be converted from one form to another, but some percentage of it is lost into the environment
d) Matter can be generated afresh. It need not be recycled or reused
41. Which of the following conditions must be fulfilled to ensure food security?
a) Food must be available
b) Each person must have access to it
c) Food utilized/consumed must fulfil nutritional requirements
d) All of the above
UNIT II
1.which of the following is not the environmental effect of industrialisation, in general?
a. solid waste
b. water pollution
c. air pollution
d. economic growth
2. Which of the following are major environmental issues involved in mining?
a. air pollution
b. water pollution
c. soil degradation
d. all of the above
3. Sustainable development means
a. meeting present needs without compromising on future needs
b. progress of human beings
c. balance between human needs and the ability of earth to provide the resources
d. all of the above
4. The most important remedy to avoid negative impact due to industrialisation is
a. industry should be closed
b. don’t allow new industrial units
c. industry should treat all the wastes generated by it before disposal
d. industries should be shifted far away from human habitats
5. Mining means
a. to conserve and preserve minerals
b. to check pollution due to mineral resources
c. to extract minerals and ores
d. none
6. E.I.A can be expanded as
a. Environmental and industrial act
b. Environment and impact activities
c. Environmental impact assessment
d. Environmental important activity
7. E.I.A is related to
a. Resource conservation
b. Efficient equipment/process
c. Waste minimization
d. all of the above
8.In order to protect health of the people living along the adjoining areas of roads, one should
a. Plant trees alongside of the roads
b. Not allow diesel driven vehicles
c. Shift them (people) to other places
d. None of the above
9. The pollution caused by transportation/vehicular activities depends on
a. Type of the vehicle’s engine
b. Age of the vehicle
c. Traffic congestion
d. All of the above
10. Sustainable development will not aim at
a. Social economic development which optimizes the economic and social benefits available in the present, without spoiling the likely potential for similar benefits in the future
b. Reasonable and equally distributed level of economic well being that can be perpetuated continually
c. Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations to meet their own needs
d. Maximising the present day benefits through increased resource consumption
11. Which of the following is a key element of EIA?
a. Scoping
b. Screening
c. Identifying and evaluating alternatives
d. All of the above
12. ‘Earth day’ is held every year on
a. June 5th
b. November 23rd
c. April 22nd
d. May 7th
13.Eutrophication is
a. an improved quality of water in lakes
b. a process in carbon cycle
c. the result to accumulation of plant nutrients in water bodies
d. a water purification technique
14. Major purpose of most of the Dams around world is
a. Power generation
b. Drinking water supply
c. Flood control
d. Irrigation
15. Which of the following is the most environmental friendly agricultural practice?
a. Using chemical fertilizers
b. Using insecticides
c. Organic farming
d. None of the above
16. The adverse effect of modern agriculture is
a. Water pollution
b. Soil degradation
c. Water logging
d. All of the above
17. Soil erosion removes surface soil which contains
a. Organic matter
b. Plant nutrients
c. Both a and b
d. none of the above
18. Water logging is a phenomenon in which
a. Crop patterns are rotated
b. Soil root zone becomes saturated due to over irrigation
c. Erosion of soil
d. None of the above
19. The impact of construction of dams
a. Submerged forest
b. Loss of wild life habitat
c. Damages down stream ecosystem
d. All of the above
20. Which of the following statements is false
a. Soil erosion effects the productivity
b. It takes 300 years for 1 inch of agricultural top soil to form
c. The amount of soil erosion depends on soil type, slope, drainage pattern and crop management practices
d. Soil erosion helps to retain water and nutrients in the root zone
21. Which of the following statements are true
a. Surface runoff do not carry pesticides into streams
b. Water percolating downwards through agriculture lands carries with it dissolved chemicals and contaminate ground water
c. Present agricultural practice does not contaminate water
d. None of the above
22. Farmers have a tendency to
a. Use optimum quantity of water
b. to over irrigate crops
c. To conserve water
d. All of the above
23. Organic farming is
a. Farming without using pesticides and chemical fertilizers
b. Enhances biodiversity
c. Promotes soil biological activity
d. All of the above
24. What would you do to prevent environmental damage
a. Plant trees
b. Halt deforestation
c. Control pollution
d. All of the above
25. Environmental impact assessment
a. is the study of feasibility of a project
b. is a study of bio-physical characteristics of the environment that may result from a human action
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
26. EIA study will help
a. Maximising the benefits without overloading the planets ecosystem
b. To estimate the future needs of the society
c. To smooth implementation of the project
d. To cope up with rapid growth of population
27. Ecosystem is disturbed by housing activity because
a. Large volume of raw materials like brick, stone, timber, cement, steel, plastic etc., are required to be produced
b. Housing is required to provide shelter to growing population
c. Majority of housing projects are concentrated in cities only
d. Standard of living is increased by modern houses
28. Environmental impact of mining
a. Brings order into social setup
b. Devastation of eco-system
c. Present mining activity is a sustainable development
d. Mining has no adverse effect on ecosystem as it is located in remote areas
29. Effect of modern agriculture on soil is due to
a. Erosion
b. Acidification
c. Salinization
d. All
30. Bio-remediation means the removal of contamination from
a. Soil
b. Wastewater
c. Groundwater
d. Both soil and ground water
UNIT III
1. Plants use ………..gas for photosynthesis
a. oxygen
b. methane
c. nitrogen
d. carbon dioxide
2. Deforestation means
a. preservation of forests
b. destruction of forests
c. monocrop cultivation
d. agriculture
3. What percentage of it’s geographical area of a country should be under forest cover
a. 23%
b. 43%
c. 13%
d.33%
4. About ………% of earth’s surface is covered by water
a. 53%
b. 19%
c. 71%
d. 90%
5. During photosynthesis, trees produce
a. oxygen
b. carbon dioxide
c. nitrogen
d. carbon dioxide
6. Forest prevent soil erosion by binding soil particles in their
a. stems
b. roots
c. leaves
d. buds
7. Major causes of deforestation are
a. shifting cultivation
b. Fuel requirements
c. Raw materials for industries
d. All of these
8. Blue baby syndrome (methaemoglobinemia) is caused by the contamination of water due to
a. Phosphates
b. Sulphur
c. Arsenic
d. Nitrates
9. Which of the following statements about forests is not correct?
a. Forest reduces soil erosion
b. Provides recreational opportunities
c. Provides a source of economic development
d. None of the above
10. India has largest share of which of the following
a. manganese
b. mica
c. copper
d. diamond
11. Out of the following nutrients in fertilizer, which one cause minimum water pollution?
a. nitrogen
b. phosphorous
c. potassium
d. organic matter
12. What is the permissible range of pH for drinking water as per Indian standards
a. 6 to9
b. 6.5 to 7.5
c. 6 to 8.5
d. 6.5 to 8.5
13. What is the maximum allowable concentration of fluorides in drinking water?
a. 1.0 milligram per litre
b.1.25 milligram per litre
c. 1.50 milligram per litre
d. 1.75 milligram per litre
14. Excess fluorides in drinking water is likely to cause
a. Blue babies
b. Fluorosis
c. taste and colour
d. intestinal irritation
15. Which of the following is a non point source of water pollution
Factories
Sewage treatment plants
Urban and suburban lands
All of the above
16. The movement of carbon between __________ is called carbon cycle
a. Atmosphere & biosphere
b. Atmosphere & hydrosphere
c. Geo-sphere & Atmosphere
d. Biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere & geo-sphere
17. The depletion of trees is causing accumulation of
a. Nitrogen dioxide
b. Sulphur dioxide
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Oxygen
18. Earth’s atmosphere contains ___________ % of oxygen
a.98%
b.12%
c .21%
d.78%
19. Plants can take up nitrogen in two forms
a. Ammonium and ammonia
b. Ammonia and nitrogen
c. Nitrate
d. Nitrogen
20. Conversion of ammonium to nitrate by chemical oxidation is termed as
a. Mineralisation
b. Leaching
c. Nitrification
d. De-nitrification
21. Nitrogen fixing bacteria exists in __________ of plants
a. leaf
b. roots
c. stem
d. flower
22. Sulphur occurs in soil and rocks in the form of ______
a. oxides of Zn and Fe
b. Sulphates of Zn and Fe
c. Nitrates of Zn and Fe
d. Sulphides of Zn and Fe
23. Livestock waste release large amount of _____ into the environment
a. Ammonium
b. Ammonia
c. Nitrate
d. NO4
24. Conversion of nitrates into gases of nitrogen is called ________
a. nitrification
b. nitrogen fixing
c. reduction
d. de-nitrification
25. Forest rich area in Karnataka is found in
a. Western ghats
b. Bandipur
c. Nagarhole
d.Mangalore
26. _________ are referred to as earth’s lungs
a. Forests
b. Carbon cycles
c. Water sources
d. Mines
27. Among the fresh water available
in the earth, the percentage of surface water is about
50%
10%
5%
Less than 1%
28. Important factor that causes water born disease is
a. Using contaminated sewage for irrigation
b. leaching of untreated faecal and urinary discharges into water bodies
c. discharge of industrial waste water
d. by eating contaminated food
29. Cholera and Typhoid are caused by
a. Worms
b. Virus
c. Bacteria
d. Fungus
30. Major source of fluoride is
river water
toothpaste
bacteria
fungus
31. Hepatitis is caused by
a. protozoa
b. virus
c. bacteria
d. fungus
32. Excessive nitrate in drinking water causes
a. Fever
b. Cough and cold
c. Blue babies
d. Gastro-Enteritis
33. Mineral resources are
a. renewable
b. available in plenty
c. non-renewable
d. equally distributed
34. Control of water borne diseases can be achieved effectively by
a. Treatment of diseases
b. By consuming mineral water
c. By proper treatment of waste water & protecting the source
of water
d. By vaccination
35. Which of the following is not a natural mineral?
a. Asbestos
b. Feldspar
c. Phosphate
d. Nitrogen
36. Forests are extremely important because they
a. Provide clean water and clean air
b. Provide habitat for wildlife
c. Provide recreation and a change from hectic urban life
d. All of the above
37. Deforestation means
a. Conversion of forest land for agricultural/pasture/homes etc..,
b. Creation of new forest land for the wild life
c. Planting trees in the cities
d. Not managing the forest properly
38. The oceans are the largest storage of water on earth containing:
a. 95% of earth’s water
b. 85% of earth’s water
c. 97% of earth’s water
d. 75% of earth’s water
39. Which of the following is not a part of the hydrological cycle
a. Precipitation
b. Infiltration
c. Transpiration
d. Perspiration
40. The ground water depends on
a. Amount of rain fall
b. Geological formations
c. Run off
d. All of the above
41. In India ground water is rich in
a. plains of river Kaveri and Krishna
b. the plains of Netravati and Kapila
c. the gangetic plains
d. the deccan plateau
42. The required iron content in water as specified by BIS is
a. 330 mg/l
b. 30 mg/l
c. 3 mg/l
d. 0.3 mg/l
43. pick out which is not concerned to carbon cycle
a. Respiration
b. Combustion of fossil fuels
c. Photo-synthesis
d. Transpiration
44. Fixation of nitrogen is done by
a. lightening
b. fixing bacteria
c. fertilizer factory
d. All of the above
45. Sulphur dioxide is used in
a. Paper manufacture
b. Textile manufacture
c. Processing of fossil fuels
d. Both (a) and (b)
UNIT IV
1. Which of the following is considered as an alternate fuel ?
a. CNG
b. Kerosene
c. Coal
d. Petrol
2. Solar radiation consists of
a. UV
b. Visible light
c. Infrared
d. All of these
Reduction in usage of fuels cannot be brought by:
using alternate fuels
changing lifestyles
reducing car taxes
both (a) and (b)
Which of the following is a hazard of a nuclear power plant
Accident risk when tankers containing fuel cause spill
Radioactive waste of the power plant remains highly toxic for centuries
Release of toxic gases during processing
All of these
The most important fuel used by nuclear power plant is
U-248
U-235
U-238
U-236
Biogas is produced by
Microbial activity
Harvesting crop
Both (a) and (b)
None of the above
Oil and gas are preferred because
Strong smell
Cheap
Easy transportation
All of these
Biomass power generation uses
Crops
Animal dung
Wood
All of these
Chernobyl nuclear disaster occurred in the year
1984
1952
1986
1987
Which of the following is not a renewable source of energy?
Fossil fuels
Solar energy
Tidal wave energy
Wind energy
Which of the following is a disadvantage of most of the renewable energy resources
highly polluting
high waste disposable cost
unreliable supply
high running cost
‘OTEC’ is an energy technology that converts
energy in large tides of ocean to generate electricity
energy in ocean waves to generate electricity
energy in ocean due to thermal gradient to generate electricity
energy in the fast moving ocean currents to generate electricity
Which of the following source of energy is less eco-friendly?
Bio-gas
Wind
Solar
Nuclear
India’s position in the Bio-gas plants globally
5th
2nd
4th
7th
Solar energy is stored in
carbon-carbon bonds
green leaves
fossil fuels
biomass
Which resources are in-exhaustible?
renewable
fossil fuel
non-renewable
mineral
Identify the non-renewable source of energy from the following
Coal
Fuel cells
Wind power
Wave power
Electromagnetic radiation can cause
Plague
Malaria
Cancer
Dengue fever
Harnessing the wind energy is done by
Wind mill
Ball mill
Flour mill
Pig mill
Wind farms are located in
River basin
Plain area
Hilly area
Valley areas
Wind energy generation depends on
Direction of wind
Velocity of wind
Humidity
Valley areas
With a minimum resource maximum energy can be created by
Solar radiation
Nuclear fuels
Wind
Tidal waves
Direct conversion of solar energy is attained by
Solar photo voltaic system
Solar diesel hybrid system
Solar thermal system
Solar air heater
in hydropower plants power is generated by
Hot springs
Wind
Sun
Water
Hydrogen energy can be tapped through
Heat pumps
Fuel cells
Photo-voltaic cells
Gasifiers
Problems of hydrogen fuel are
Storage and distribution
Availability of hydrogen
Creates pollution
None of the above
Nuclear power is being produced from
Carbon-14
Nuclear fission
Petroleum combustion
Natural gas
Nuclear fusion uses the following as a fuel
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Which is the source of energy that can be replaced at the same rate at which it is used?
Coal
Petroleum
Oil
Biomass
Biomass consists of
Lignin
Hemi-cellulose
Cellulose
All of the above
Which of the following is used as moderator in nuclear fuel
Graphite
Helium gas
Heavy water
All of the above
Nuclear waste is active for
5 years
10 years
50 years
Centuries
Nuclear power plant in Karnataka is located at
Bhadravathi
Sandur
Raichur
Kaiga
Biomass energy in green plants is produced in presence of
Carbon dioxide
Water
Sunlight
All of the above
Fossil fuels are converted into energy by
Burning
Cooling
Sublimation
Melting
Natural gas contains
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Methane
Nitrogen
In which place in India the tidal energy has been experimented
Goa
Karnataka
Kerala
Andhra Pradesh
Highest producer of oil and petroleum is
Middle east countries
America
China
India
Cow dung can be used
as manure
for production of biogas
as fuel
all of the above
The source of electromagnetic radiation is
Sun
Moon
Water
Stars
Biogas is gaseous fuel composed mainly of
Methane and carbon dioxide
Methane and hydrogen sulphide
Methane and carbon monoxide
Molasses from sugar industry is used to generate
Bio-diesel
Hydrogen
Bio-ethanol
Bio-methanol
UNIT V
Environmental pollution is due to
rapid urbanisation
deforestation
a forestation
a & b
Which of the following is air pollutant
CO
O2
N2
All
Which of the following are natural sources of air pollution
Volcanic eruption
Solar flair
Earth quake
All
Which of the following are biodegradable pollutants
Plastics
Domestic sewage
Detergent
All
Mining practices lead to
Population growth
Rapid urbanisation
Loss of fertile grazing land
None of these
Which of the following is source of fly ash
Vehicular exhaust
Sewage
Thermal power plant
All
The liquid waste from bath and kitchens is called
Sullage
Domestic sewage
Storm waste
Run off
Noise pollution can be minimised by
Urbanisation
Maintaining silence
Reducing noise at source
None
BOD means
Biochemical oxygen demand
Chemical oxygen demand
Biophysical oxygen demand
All
Which of the following industry generates coloured waste?
Software industry
Textile industry
Bio-medical industry
None
Physical pollution of water is due to
Dissolved oxygen
Turbidity
pH
None of these
Which of the following source is surface water?
Springs
Streams
Deep wells
All
Deforestation can
Increase the rain fall
Increase soil fertility
Introduce silt in the rivers
None of these
Which of the following non-point source of water pollution?
Factories
Sewage treatment plants
Urban and sub-urban lands
All of the above
Sound beyond which of the following level can be regarded as pollutant
40dB
80dB
120dB
150dB
Which of the following is a major source of thermal pollution of water bodies
Sewage treatment plants
Thermal power plants
Solid water disposal
All
Smog is
A natural phenomenon
Combination of smoke and fog
Colourless
All of the above
Air pollution from automobiles can be controlled by fitting
Electrostatic precipitator
Wet scrubber
Catalytic converter
All of the above
Which of the following statements about carbon monoxide is true?
Forms complex with haemoglobin
Forms complex with leg-haemoglobin
Formed by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels
Both a & c
Definition of noise is
Loud sound
Unwanted sound
Constant sound
Sound of high frequency
Noise pollution is controlled by
Reducing the noise at the source
Preventing it’s transmission
Protecting the receiver
All
Noise pollution limit at residential areas
45 dB
80 dB
55 dB
90 dB
Noise pollution limits in industrial areas
45 dB
80 dB
65 dB
90 dB
Which of the following is non-biodegradable?
Plastics
Domestic sewage
Detergent
a & c
Which of the following is a secondary air pollutant
CO
SO2
Ozone
CO2
Pesticides causes
Eye irritation
Skin irritation
Respiratory ailments
All of the above
Blarring sounds known to cause
Mental distress
High cholesterol
Neurological problems
All of the above
Which of the following is major cause of soil pollution?
Accident involving vehicles that are transporting
Pesticides and chemical fertilizers
Improper solid waste disposal
All of the above
“Minimata disease” is caused due to
Lead
Arsenic
Mercury
Cadmium
UNIT VI
The major automobile pollutants include
CO, NOx, Hydrocarbons and SPM
CO, NOx, Hydrocarbons and CH4
CO, NOx, Hydrocarbons and SPM
CO, NOx, Freon and SPM
Petroleum based vehicles emit traces of
CO & NOx
SPM
Aldehydes
CH4
3. Heavy duty diesel vehicles contribute more
a. NOx
b. particulate matter
c. CO
d. Both a and b
Major pollutants from light petrol vehicles are
CO and hydrocarbons
CO and NOx
c. CH4 and CO2
d. all the above
The 4-stroke engines produce less of the following as compared
to 2-stroke engines
CO and hydrocarbons
NOx and SO2
Both a and b
None of the above
6. Alternative eco-friendly fuel for automobile is:
a. Petrol
b. diesel
c. CNG
d. Kerosene
7. Increase in asthma attacks has been linked to high levels of :
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Air-borne dust particles
All of the above
8. Population explosion will cause
a. Bio-diversity
b. Stress on ecosystem
c. more employment
d. none of these
9. Which of the following is having high population density
a. India
b. China
c. USA
d. Western Europe
10. Which of the following is not the effect of urbanisation
a. Air pollution
b. Thermal pollution
c. Solid waste production
d. Noise pollution
11. Which of the following is the facility that the urban people enjoy?
a. Better communication access
b. better quality of air
c. large land at cheap rates
d. none of these
12. Urbanisation is
a. Local environment issue
b. National environment issue
c. Both a and b
d. not at all an issue
13. Which of the following is an ill effect of urbanisation?
a. Decrease in area of agricultural land
b. Loss of greenery
c. Loss of water bodies
d. All of the above
14. The major cause of global population growth in 18th and 19th centuries
was
Decrease in death rates
Decrease in birth rates
Industrial revolution
None of these
15. The world population in 2000 was around
a. 8 billion
b. 6.1 billion
c. 7.1 billion
d. 5 billion
16. The average life expectancy around the world is currently
a. Decreasing
b. Increasing
c. Not changing
d. Stabilizing
17. Which of the following is a problem not associated with population growth?
a. Increased resource consumption
b. Environmental pollution
c. Food and energy shortages
d. none of these
18. The major objectives of family welfare programs in India
Is
Disease control
Population growth rate control
Employment generation none of these
None of these
19. Population ageing is
a. The increase in the average age of the population
b. The result of decreased death and birth rates
c. The trend where more people live to reach old age while fewer children are born
d. all of the above
20. Which of the following is not a population characteristic
a. Doubling time
b. Total fertility rate
c. Gross domestic product growth rate
d. Infant mortality rate
21. Demography is the study of
a. Animal behaviour
b. Population growth
c. River
d. None of these
22. Which of the following is not a solution for global warming
a. Reducing fossil fuel consumption
b. Planting more trees
c. De-forestation
d. None of the above
23. The meaning of global warming is
a. Increase in the temperature of climate
b. A planet hotter than earth
c. Solar radiation
d. Cooling effects
24. Global warming may bring about the following changes
In the climate of the earth
Increase in the rain fall
Desertification
Drought
All of the above
25. Which green house gas is known as colourless, non-flammable, sweetish odour and laughing gas?
a. Methane
b. CO2
c. Nitrous Oxide
d. Sulphur hexa fluoride
26. The first major environmental protection act to be promulgated in India was
a. Water act
b. Air act
c. Environmental act
d. Noise pollution act
27. Which of the following substantially reduces CO2 emission from automobiles?
a. Bio fuels like ethanol and bio diesel
b. fossil fuels like coal and lignite
c. Nuclear elements like uranium
d. Voltaic cells
28. The international protocol to protect the ozone layer is
a. Vienna protocol
b. Kyoto protocol
c. Cartagena protocol
d. Montreal protocol
The protocol that reduces
Kyoto protocol
Cartagena protocol
Montreal protocol
Vienna protocol
population explosion will cause
socio economic problems
food scarcity
energy crisis
all of these
Which of the following is not a green house gas
Hydro chlorofluorocarbons
Methane
CO2
SO2
Global warming could affect
climate
increase in sea levels
melting of glaciers
all of the above
Primary cause of acid rain around the world is due to
Carbon dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Ozone
Which of the following is not a solution for global warming?
Reducing fossil fuel consumption
Planting more trees
Deforestation
None of the above
Which of the following is an air pollutant
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Particulate matter
UNIT VII
The pH value of acid rain water is
5.7
7.0
8.5
6.0
Which of the following is the remedial measure for acid rain?
reducing the release of oxides of nitrogen and sulphur into the atmosphere
use of coal, free from sulphur
use of electro-static precipitator and catalytic converters
all of the above
The primary cause of acid rain around the world is
CFC
SO2
CO
O3
Acid rain can be controlled by
Reducing SO2 and NO2 emissions
Increasing number of lakes
Increasing the forest cover
Reducing oxygen emission
Atmospheric oxidation of SO2 and SO3 is influenced
By
sunlight
humidity
presence of hydrocarbons
all of the above
Reduction in brightness of the famous Taj mahal is due to
Global warming
Air pollution
Ozone depletion
Afforestation
The effect of acid rain is
reduces soil fertility
increases atmospheric temperature
causing respiratory problems
skin cancer
The process of movement of nutrients from the soil by the acid rain is called
Transpiration
Evaporation
Leaching
Infiltration
Ozone layer is present on
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Which of the following statements about Ozone is true
Ozone is a major constituent of photochemical smog
Ozone protects us from the harmful uv radiation of sun
Ozone is highly reactive
All of the above
Major compound responsible for the destruction of stratospheric ozone layer is
Oxygen
CFC
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Normal average thickness of stratospheric ozone layer across the globe is around
200 DU
300 DU
400 DU
500 DU
Ozone layer thickness is measured in
PPM
PPB
Decibels
Dobson units
Chloro fluoro carbons(CFC) are
non-toxic
non-flammable
non-carcinogenic
all of the above
Ozone layer absorbs
UV rays
Infra red rays
Cosmic rays
CO
Which of the following is not an ill effect of acid rain
results in killing fish
causes stone leprosy
leaches nutrients from the soil
cause cataract
Formation of ozone layer is explained by
Rosenmund reaction
Handerson’s reaction
Chapman’s reaction
Perkin’s reaction
Each chlorine radical can destroy the following number of ozone molecules
1000
10,000
1,00,000
100
Freons are
HFC
CFC
NFC
Hydrocarbons
Which of the following statements about ozone is true?
Ozone is a major constituent of photochemical smog
Ozone is highly reactive
Ozone protects us from harmful UV radiations of sun
All of the above
Ozone depletion causes
Snow blindness
Photo-chemical smog
Acid rain
Vomiting
Which of the following statements is not true about animal husbandry?
it is a part of agricultural activity
it is livestock production
it is breeding, feeding and management of animals
it is protection of wild life
Which of the following is the purpose of animal husbandry?
conservation of animal husbandry
production of meat
conservation of wild life
conservation of forests
Domestic animals are used for
a. dairy products
b. production of fibre
c. production of meat
d. all of these
Acid rain has been increasing day by day due to
Urbanisation
Industrialisation
Increase in vehicle population
None of the above
Ozone hole was first discovered over
Arctic
Antarctica
Tropical region
Africa
CFCs have been used as
solvent
refrigerants
blowing agents for polymer forms
all of these
World ozone day is being celebrated on
May 7th
July 14th
September 16th
September 11th
Bhopal gas tragedy caused due to leakage of
Methyl Iso Cyanate(MIC)
Sulphur dioxide
Mustard gas
Methane
Animal husbandry results in
Global warming
Acid rain
Ozone depletion
None of these
UNIT VIII
Environmental (protection) Act was enacted in the year
1986
1989
1994
1998
The Air(prevention and control of pollution) Act was enacted in the year
1981
1974
1994
2004
The water(prevention & control of pollution) Act was enacted in the year
1986
1974
1994
2004
The wild life protection was enacted in the year
1986
1974
1994
1972
The Forest (conservation) Act was enacted in the year
1986
1974
1980
1972
The first of the major environmental protection act to be promulgated in India was:
The wild life protection act
The air act
The noise pollution act
None of the above
The central pollution control board was established under the provision of:
a. Environmental protection act 1986
b. Air (prevention and control) act 1981
c. Water(prevention and control of pollution)act 1974
d. none of the above
The Karnataka state pollution control board(KSPCB) was established in the year
1974
1982
1986
1976
Environmental protection is the responsibility of
Govt. of India
NGOs
Individual
All
‘Earth day’ is observed on:
1st December
5th June
April 22nd
1st January
Which of the following is NGO:
Narmada Bachao Andolan
CPCB
KSPCB
None
Which of the following is empowered to take measure to protect & improve environment as per the Environment protection act
Central Govt.
State government
Corporation
None
Which of the following is the authority to monitor industrial effluents?
Centre for science and environment
State pollution control board
Indian environmental association
None
The leader of the chipko movement is:
Sunderlal Bahuguna
Medha Patkar
Vandana Shiva
Suresh Heblikar
The environmental(protection)act 1986 deals with:
Water
Air
Soil
All
The objectives of the wild life protection act 1972 is:
To preserve the wild life bio-diversity
To maintain essential ecological and life supporting systems
Protection & conservation of wild life
All
The tiger conservation project was started in:
1973
1984
1999
2004
The goal of National parks & wild life sanctuaries is:
To promote international trading of animals and their products
To evacuate tribal people from forest
Conservation of wild life
None of the above
Environmental education is targeted to:
General public
Professional social groups
Technicians & scientists
All
Which of the following animals is endangered species of India?
Black buck
Elephant
Fox
Giraffe
Which state is having highest women literacy in India?
Karnataka
Punjab
Rajasthan
Kerala
An international conference on environmental education was held in December 1982 at:
Kyoto
Vienna
New-Delhi
London
Environmental protection is the fundamental duties of the citizen of India under the article:
51-A(g)
48-A
47
21
The objective of integrated child development services(ICDS) are:
Immunisation
Health check up & referral services
Pre-school and non formal education
All of the above
ISO-14000 standards deal with:
pollution management
risk management
environmental management
none of the above
World summit on sustainable development was held at
Johannesburg in 2002
Rio de
janeiro in 1992
Kyoto in 1994
Stockholm in 2000
An important NGO involved in global environmental protection is
UNICEF
Green peace
WHO
CPCB
The first international earth summit was held at
Johannesburg
Rio de janeiro
Kyoto
Stockholm
Silent valley movement succeeded
Waste management in sea coast
Cancelling the state government hydel project and saving the Lion Tailed Monkeys
Promoting marine fishery business in Kerala
None of the above
The committee which submitted it’s report to Government of India on environmental education is
Tiwari committee b. Mehta committee
Banerjee committee d. Agarwal committee
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